アメリカ食品医薬品局(FDA)韓国産貝類が人糞等に汚染されている(contaminated with fecal waste)ため、販売を禁止→同じ貝類は日本にも輸出されている可能性

6/14にアメリカ食品医薬品局(FDA)は
　韓国産貝類の販売禁止
を発表した。6/14付ロイター(英文)より。

FDA urges removal of Korean seafood products

WASHINGTON | Thu Jun 14, 2012 6:51pm EDT
(Reuters) - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration urged the removal of South Korean oysters, clams, mussels and scallops from the market, saying the products may have been exposed to human fecal waste and contaminated with norovirus.

At least four people in the United States have become sick after eating South Korean seafood - three in October and one in December, the FDA said on Thursday.

The regulatory warning spans the range of fresh, canned and processed seafood products that contain the seafood types known as molluscan shellfish that entered the United States before May 1, when the FDA first removed them from an interstate list of certified shellfish shippers.
An FDA official said U.S. representatives are in talks with South Korean officials about the problem that involves polluted fishing waters where the seafood was harvested.
An official with the South Korean embassy in Washington had no comment.
Some food companies have already removed the products from their distribution networks. But the agency said not all have complied and it issued the warning in an effort to reach retailers distributors and food service operators.
"These products and any products made with them may have been exposed to human fecal waste and are potentially contaminated with norovirus," the FDA said in a statement.
South Korean shellfish represent only a tiny fraction of the oysters, clams, mussels and scallops sold in the United States.
Norovirus causes gastroenteritis, a disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps and other symptoms that occur within 12-48 hours of exposure and last up to three days.
The FDA took action after determining that a South Korean program to safeguard shellfish contamination did not meet U.S. standards for sanitary controls.
The agency advised consumers to check seafood labels and contact seafood vendors, if they are concerned about products they have purchased, and throw out any found to be from South Korea.

こちらがFDAの発表。

FDA urges that oysters, clams, mussels, and some scallops products from Korea should be removed from the market

For Immediate Release: June 14, 2012
Media Inquiries: Curtis Allen, 301-796-0393, Curtis.Allen@fda.hhs.gov
Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is urging food distributors, retailers, and food service operators to remove from sale or service all fresh, frozen, canned, and processed oysters, clams, mussels, and whole and roe-on scallops (molluscan shellfish) from Korea that have entered the United States. This includes molluscan shellfish from Korea that entered the United States prior to May 1, 2012, when the FDA removed such products from the Interstate Certified Shellfish Shippers List (ICSSL), and that which may have inadvertently entered the country after that date. These products and any products made with them may have been exposed to human fecal waste and are potentially contaminated with norovirus.

Molluscan shellfish contaminated with fecal waste and/or norovirus are considered adulterated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Following initial notifications last month, a number of food companies have begun to remove these products from their distribution chain. However, many others have yet to take action.

A comprehensive FDA evaluation determined that the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) no longer meets the sanitation controls specified under the United States’ National Shellfish Sanitation Program. The FDA’s evaluation found significant deficiencies with the KSSP including inadequate sanitary controls, ineffective management of land-based pollution sources and detection of norovirus in shellfish growing areas.

The deficiencies in the KSSP prompted the FDA to remove all Korean certified shippers of molluscan shellfish from the ICSSL on May 1, 2012. Although Korean molluscan shellfish represent only a small fraction of the oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops sold in the United States, the removal of Korean shellfish shippers from the ICSSL is an important step in stopping the importation of molluscan shellfish harvested from polluted waters.

Consumers who have recently bought molluscan shellfish and are concerned that it may have come from Korea, should contact the store where it was purchased and ask about its origin. Consumers can check the label on packaged seafood to see if it is from Korea. If it is not clear where the product is from, consumers can call the manufacturer to find out. Consumers should dispose of molluscan shellfish from Korea and any products made with molluscan shellfish from Korea.

These actions only affect molluscan shellfish harvested from Korean waters. They do not affect the receipt of fresh and frozen molluscan shellfish by distributors, retailers, and food service operators from any of the other shellfish shippers listed in the ICSSL. Further, these actions do not affect the importation of canned and other processed product made with molluscan shellfish harvested from non-Korean waters. The FDA is in ongoing discussions with Korean authorities to resolve the issue.

Although the heat treatment that canned products undergo should eliminate the risk of norovirus, the contents of the cans of molluscan shellfish from Korea are still considered not fit for human food because the products were harvested from waters subject to human fecal contamination. For fresh, frozen, or products processed by methods other than canning, the products should also be considered food not for human consumption and may also carry a risk of norovirus.

Noroviruses cause gastroenteritis. Symptoms of illness associated with norovirus include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramping. Affected individuals often experience low-grade fever, chills, headache, muscle aches and a general sense of tiredness. Most people show symptoms 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus. The illness typically lasts one to three days. Dehydration is the most common complication, especially in young children and older adults, which may require medical care. While there have been norovirus illnesses in the United States from the consumption of Korean oysters as recently as 2011, there have been no U.S. illnesses from the consumption of Korean shellfish reported in 2012.

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.

なんだって
　人糞等に汚染された水で貝類を養殖
してるんだろう、と思ったら、今日、サーチナに続報が出ていて、理由が分かった。

「人糞に汚染」米食品医薬局が韓国貝類の販売を禁止＝韓国

　米食品医薬品局（ＦＤＡ）は14日、韓国産のカキ、貝、ムール貝、ホタテなどの貝類が、人糞などに汚染され食中毒を引き起こす恐れがあるとして、流通業者に販売禁止を通告した。複数の韓国メディアが報じた。
　すでに流通している生ものや冷凍の韓国産貝類も、回収する方針。韓国産貝類の養殖場に人糞など人間の排泄物が流れ込むなど不適切な衛生管理にあり、ノロウイルスに汚染している可能性が高いという。
　韓国農林水産食品省は、米国に輸出している主な貝類がカキであることから、現場点検などを実施した上で、カキの収穫時期である10月までに再輸出したい考え。韓国産貝類の対米輸出量は今年だけで4970トンにのぼり、日本、中国に継ぐ主な輸出先とされる。
　韓国メディアは、米食品医薬庁の発表を報じながら、漁港に停泊する韓国船舶の排泄物処理施設が不十分であることを指摘。汚染を食い止めるためには、国民の意識をまず改善する必要があると伝えた。（編集担当：新川悠）

てことは
　養殖場の近所にある漁港では、船舶が屎尿等を垂れ流してる
ってことですか。うは。そりゃ、人糞等も混入するでしょうって。
問題は、上の記事にあるように
　アメリカは日本、中国に継ぐ主な輸出先
ってところで
　同じ、不衛生な環境で養殖されている牡蛎等魚介類が日本に輸出されている可能性
を考えないといかんのですが、その辺り、どうなっているんだろう?

で。
厚労省が発表している
輸入時検査等において食品衛生法違反となった事例
から、昨年7月〜今年6月(判明分)までを解析した。韓国産水産物で発生した主な違反を次に上げる。

輸入食品等の食品衛生法違反事例
昨年7月　冷凍むき身かき(3例)　下痢性貝毒 0.1 MU/g 検出　下痢性貝毒を発生するプランクトンが発生、または流入し、餌として摂取したためと推測　命令検査
生食用冷凍鮮魚介類：たいらぎ貝柱　成分規格不適合（細菌数　1.0×106/g）殺菌不足　自主検査
8月　無加熱摂取冷凍食品：韓国　活締　煮込炙り焼き穴子　成分規格不適合（大腸菌群 陽性）衛生管理･温度管理の不徹底　自主検査
生食用鮮魚介類：冷蔵むき身あかがい(2例)　成分規格不適合（腸炎ビブリオ最確数 240/g検出と290/g検出）温度管理の不徹底　全量消費済み　モニタリング検査
9月　冷蔵むき身たいらぎ貝柱（生食用）(2例)成分規格不適合（腸炎ビブリオ最確数　1,100/g以上と1,400/g以上）温度管理の不徹底、洗浄不足　モニタリング検査
無加熱摂取冷凍食品：FROZEN STEAM OYSTER　成分規格不適合（細菌数　1.7×105/g）衛生管理の不徹底　自主検査
11月　塩辛　成分規格不適合（大腸菌群 陽性）原因は不明　自主検査
活けシジミ　成分規格不適合（エンドスルファン 0.006 ppm検出）上流域での農薬の使用　命令検査
今年3月　無加熱摂取冷凍食品：煮アナゴ（炙り焼き）成分規格不適合（細菌数 3.1×106/g、大腸菌群 陽性）原因不明　自主検査
4月　冷凍ゆでがに：加熱加工用成分規格不適合（大腸菌群 陽性）原因不明　自主検査
5月　冷凍切り身まぐろ　キハダマグロ端材　（生食用）成分規格不適合（細菌数 1.2×105/g）原因不明　自主検査

貝毒の発生は、仕方ないにしても
　温度管理の不徹底、洗浄不足
　衛生管理の不徹底
　殺菌不足
なんて原因がある上に、
　生食用鮮魚介類：冷蔵むき身あかがい(2例)　成分規格不適合（腸炎ビブリオ最確数 240/g検出と290/g検出）温度管理の不徹底　全量消費済み　モニタリング検査
のように
　モニタリング検査してみたら、腸炎ビブリオが出たけど、もう市中に出回ってしまって、全量消費された後でした
というのもあったりする。水産物は全部が全部、検査するわけじゃないからね。
今回FDAが問題にしたのは
　養殖に使う海水の汚染
だったが、淡水も安心できない。
　活けシジミ　成分規格不適合（エンドスルファン 0.006 ppm検出）上流域での農薬の使用　命令検査
なんてのもあるわけで
　上流から、農薬が流れてきました
って話。

う〜む、各地の検疫所にがんばって頂くしかないようですな。